RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA: GROWTH TRAJECTORIES, STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PATHWAYS

Abstract

The transition toward renewable energy has emerged as a critical component of sustainable development, particularly in rapidly developing economies such as India. This study examines the growth trajectories, structural challenges and future pathways of renewable energy development, with a specific focus on solar and wind energy. The research is based on secondary data collected from national and international agencies, including MNRE, IEA and IRENA, and employs a trend analysis approach to evaluate capacity expansion and sectoral performance.

The findings indicate that India has achieved significant progress in expanding its renewable energy capacity, driven by supportive government policies, declining technology costs and increased private sector participation. However, the sector continues to face key challenges such as grid integration issues, intermittency of renewable sources, financial constraints and regulatory uncertainties.

The study highlights that while renewable energy offers substantial opportunities in terms of energy security, environmental sustainability and economic development, addressing existing structural and institutional barriers is essential for long-term success. It concludes that a comprehensive policy framework, investment in infrastructure and technological innovation are crucial to ensuring a sustainable and resilient energy transition in India.